Nanophotonics is the study of the nano-optics of nanometer objects to better understand the behavior of electrons inside nanometer-scale objects. It is particularly interested in exploring the interaction between a few and limited number of electrons, such as electron-electron and/or electron-hole interactions, or exploring the impact of change of the electron wave function inside these nanometer-scale objects, as well as structural anisotropy.

This is usually done by studying the emission and absorption spectra of these nanometer-scale objects after putting the object under focused laser on an area of an estimated 1 micrometer (using a highly focused microscopic unit for the falling light) at certain wavelengths and at temperatures from room temperature to 269⁰ C.