Urology is the surgical specialty that focuses on the urinary tract system in both males and females, and the male reproductive system. It blends medical and surgical expertise to treat conditions ranging from kidney stones to infertility, making it one of the most versatile and technology-driven fields in medicine.

 Core Areas of Urology

1. General Urology

• Urinary tract infections (UTIs)

• Kidney and bladder stones

• Hematuria (blood in urine)

• Incontinence and voiding dysfunction

2. Andrology (Male Reproductive Health)

• Erectile dysfunction

• Male infertility

• Peyronie’s disease (penile curvature)

• Testicular disorders (e.g., torsion, varicocele)

3. Urologic Oncology

• Cancers of the:

  • Kidney

  • Bladder

  • Prostate

  • Testicles

  • Penis

4. Female Urology

• Urinary incontinence

• Pelvic organ prolapse

• Interstitial cystitis

5. Pediatric Urology

• Congenital anomalies (e.g., hypospadias, undescended testes)

• Vesicoureteral reflux

• Bedwetting (enuresis)

6. Endourology

• Minimally invasive procedures using scopes and lasers

• Treatment of stones, strictures, and tumors

7. Neuro-urology

• Bladder dysfunction due to neurological conditions (e.g., spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis)

 Common Procedures and Tools

• Cystoscopy: Visual inspection of the bladder and urethra

• Urodynamic testing: Measures bladder function

• Prostate biopsy: For cancer diagnosis

• Lithotripsy: Non-invasive stone fragmentation

• Robotic and laparoscopic surgery: For prostate, kidney, and bladder operations

• Vasectomy and reversal