Obstetrics and Gynecology (OB/GYN) is a combined medical specialty that focuses on the health of the female reproductive system and the management of pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum care. It’s one of the most dynamic and emotionally rewarding fields in medicine, blending surgical skill, preventive care, and long-term patient relationships.

Obstetrics: Pregnancy and Childbirth

Obstetrics deals with the care of women during pregnancy, labor, delivery, and the postpartum period.

Key Areas:

• Antenatal Care Monitoring fetal development, maternal health, and managing complications.

• Labor and Delivery Vaginal births, cesarean sections, pain management, and emergency obstetric procedures.

• Postnatal Care Recovery, breastfeeding support, and mental health screening.

• High-Risk Pregnancy Conditions like preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, multiple gestation, and fetal anomalies.

• Prenatal Diagnosis Ultrasound, amniocentesis, and genetic screening.

Gynecology: Female Reproductive Health

Gynecology focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the female reproductive system.

Key Areas:

• Menstrual Disorders Irregular periods, heavy bleeding, amenorrhea.

• Contraception and Family Planning Birth control methods, fertility counseling, sterilization.

• Infertility Evaluation and treatment including assisted reproductive technologies (ART).

• Pelvic Pain and Endometriosis Chronic pain management and surgical interventions.

• Gynecologic Oncology Cancers of the uterus, cervix, ovaries, and vulva.

• Urogynecology Pelvic organ prolapse, urinary incontinence.

• Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) Diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.

• Menopause and Hormonal Therapy Managing symptoms and long-term health risks.

Common Procedures and Tools

• Pelvic ultrasound

• Pap smear and HPV testing

• Hysteroscopy and laparoscopy

• Dilation and curettage (D&C)

• Colposcopy and biopsy

• Cesarean section and episiotomy