Radiology is the medical specialty that uses imaging technologies to diagnose and sometimes treat diseases. It plays a central role in modern healthcare, offering non-invasive insights into the body’s internal structures and functions.

 Core Branches of Radiology

1. Diagnostic Radiology

• Uses imaging to identify diseases and injuries.

• Modalities include:

  • X-ray: Bone fractures, chest infections

  • Ultrasound: Pregnancy, abdominal organs, vascular flow

  • CT (Computed Tomography): Detailed cross-sectional images

  • MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Soft tissue, brain, spine

  • Mammography: Breast cancer screening

  • Fluoroscopy: Real-time imaging for GI tract and procedures

2. Interventional Radiology

• Minimally invasive procedures guided by imaging.

• Examples:

  • Angioplasty and stent placement

  • Biopsies

  • Drainage of abscesses

  • Tumor ablation

  • Uterine fibroid embolization

3. Nuclear Medicine

• Uses radioactive substances to visualize organ function.

• Includes PET scans, bone scans, thyroid scans.

4. Pediatric Radiology

• Tailored imaging for children, with lower radiation doses and specialized techniques.

5. Neuroradiology

• Focuses on brain, spine, and head/neck imaging.

6. Musculoskeletal Radiology

• Specializes in bones, joints, and soft tissues.

7. Cardiothoracic Radiology

• Imaging of the heart, lungs, and chest structures.

 Role of the Radiologist

• Interprets imaging results and provides reports to clinicians.

• Consults on diagnosis and treatment planning.

• Ensures safety and appropriate use of radiation.

• Collaborates with surgeons, oncologists, and emergency physicians.